County Maps US

Caroline County, Virginia

A county in Virginia, ranked 50 of 133 by population.

CountyFIPS 51033

Within Virginia
Caroline County, highlighted, with the areas around it. Boundaries generalised from the 2025 Census cartographic boundary file; neighbour fills carry no data. The dot marks Bowling Green, the county seat, located via the 2025 Census Gazetteer.

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Population
34,413
+3,491 (+11.3%) since 2020
Land area
527.4
square miles. A further 1.8% of the total area is water
Population density
65.3
people per square mile, computed rather than published
County seat
Bowling Green
Seat of county government.
Established
1727
298 years ago
Largest city
Bowling Green town
Population 1,284.

Sources: US Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025 Population Estimates, released 26 March 2026; US Census Bureau, Gazetteer Files, 2025 Gazetteer Files, released 10 September 2025; Wikidata (CC0), Wikidata. Retrieved 30 August 2026.

Satellite view

Aerial imagery of Caroline County with its boundary drawn on top. A map shows you the shape; this shows you what is inside it, and which side of the line a place falls on.

Aerial view of Caroline County, Virginia from the USGS National Map, with its boundary outlined
Imagery: USGS National Map, USGS Imagery Only, public domain, requested from USGS by your browser when you reach this point on the page, at 765 by 800 pixels. The boundary is the 2025 Census cartographic boundary file, reprojected to Web Mercator to match the imagery. You can also open the USGS National Map viewer.

Where Caroline County ranks

Position among the 133 counties and independent cities of Virginia, and among all 3,144 US counties and county-equivalents. Computed from the figures on this page.

MeasureValueIn VirginiaNationally
Population34,41350th of 1331,328th of 3,144
Land area527.4 sq mi18th of 1331,985th of 3,144
Population density65.3 per sq mi89th of 1331,240th of 3,144
Median household income$87,40734th of 133364th of 3,143

Full data for Caroline County

Every figure below is attributed to the Census Bureau product it came from, with the vintage of that product.
MeasureValueSource and vintage
Population34,413Vintage 2025 Population Estimates
Population in 202030,922Vintage 2025 Population Estimates
2020 estimates base?30,880Vintage 2025 Population Estimates
Land area527.4 sq mi2025 Gazetteer Files
Water area9.6 sq mi2025 Gazetteer Files
Total area537 sq mi2025 Gazetteer Files
Population density?65.3 per sq miComputed: Vintage 2025 estimates divided by 2025 Gazetteer land area
Median household income$87,407American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates
Median home value$307,700American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates
Median age38.9American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates
Households11,988American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates
Housing units12,920American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates

Sources: US Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025 Population Estimates, released 26 March 2026; US Census Bureau, Gazetteer Files, 2025 Gazetteer Files, released 10 September 2025; US Census Bureau, American Community Survey, American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates, released 29 January 2026. Population density is computed here, not published: it divides the Vintage 2025 population estimate by the 2025 Gazetteer land area, which are two different Census products. Retrieved 30 August 2026.

How the population changed

The Census Bureau publishes the components behind an estimate, not just the total. For the year to July 2025:

Births minus deaths
+54
379 births, 325 deaths
Net migration
+784
More people moved in than moved out.

Source: US Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025 Population Estimates, released 26 March 2026. Retrieved 30 August 2026.

The 7 areas bordering Caroline County

Ordered by the length of the border actually shared, which the Census Bureau publishes in its county adjacency file and which no other county reference presents.

Bordering areaStateShared borderPopulation
Hanover CountyVirginia39 mi116,423
King George CountyVirginia25 mi29,646
Essex CountyVirginia23 mi10,654
Spotsylvania CountyVirginia23 mi155,388
King William CountyVirginia18 mi19,617
King and Queen CountyVirginia15 mi6,743
Stafford CountyVirginia3.0 mi170,803

Source: US Census Bureau, County Adjacency File, 2025 County Adjacency File, released 15 September 2025. Retrieved 30 August 2026.

All 133 counties and independent cities of Virginia

Open the interactive Virginia county map, or jump straight to any of them.

Data on this page last rebuilt 30 August 2026. How these figures are produced.